Psychological Theories of Values Development

Psychological Theories of Values Development                                                                        Implication of Development in individuals, knowledge, or good character because it makes him a desirable person. example in Economics, money is value, because it is used to buy needed goods. example in Society, Education is a value, because it improves the socio-economic status of the people. A value is "something intrinsically valuable or desirable." It is "something that has worth, utility or importance."                                                                                                  what are values, or what is a value?      Values  drive how we judge and help us make decisions and live in the real world with other people.                                                                                                                                                                                       

MORAL DEVELOPMENT                                        F ocuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of  morality  from infancy through adulthood. Morality develops across a lifetime and is influenced by an individual's experiences and their behavior when faced with moral issues through different periods' physical and cognitive development. In short, morality concerns an individual's growing sense of what is right and wrong; it is for this reason that young children have different moral judgement and character than that of a grown adult. Morality in itself is often a synonym for "rightness" or "goodness". It refers to a certain code of conduct that is derived from one's culture, religion or personal philosophy that guides one's actions, behaviors and thoughts.                                                                                                                                                                                     

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT                                  Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through  adolescence  to adulthood.                                                                                         Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing,  intelligence  , reasoning,  language development  , and memory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The most significant alternative to the work of Piaget has been the information-processing approach, which uses the computer as a model to provide new insight i

                                       Your values are your ideas about what is most important to you in your life —what you want to live by and live for. They are the silent forces behind many of your actions and decisions. The goal of "values clarification" is for you to become fully conscious of their influence, and to explore and honestly acknowledge what you truly value at this time in your life. You can be more self-directed and effective when you know which values you really choose to keep and live by as an adult, and which ones will get priority over others.                                                                                                           “Your personal core values define who you are, and a company's core values ultimately define the company's character and brand. For individuals, character is destiny. For organizations, culture is destiny.” ―  Tony Hsieh,  Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose             

Psychoanalysis  is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques [1]  related to the study of the  unconscious mind , [2]  which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist  Sigmund Freud  and stemmed partly from the clinical work of  Josef Breuer  and others. Freud first used the term  psychoanalysis  (in French) in 1896.  Die Traumdeutung  ( The Interpretation of Dreams ), which Freud saw as his "most significant work", appeared in November 1899. [3]  Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions, mostly by students of Freud such as  Alfred Adler  and  Carl Gustav Jung , [a]  and by  neo-Freudians  such as  Erich Fromm ,  Karen Horney  and  Harry Stack Sullivan . [4]  Freud retained the term  psychoanalysis  for his own school of thought. [5]  The basic tenets of psychoanalysis include:                                                                             

    Behaviorism is a learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions.                                                                                                                                                               Experiments by behaviorists identify  conditioning  as a universal learning process. There are two different types of conditioning, each yielding a different behavioral pattern:                                                                                                                                                                       Classic conditioning  occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimulus. We are biologically “wired” so that a certain stimulus will produce a specific response. One of the more common examples of classical conditioning in the